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The KGB and Soviet Disinformation A soviet shield and sword crest occupies the upper left quadrant of the cover. The title is printed in black at the top of the bottom half with the subtitle "An Insider's View" between two thin red lines. The author's name is located under the lower red line. The publisher's name is printed in red in the bottom right corner. The background is a uniform white.

Cover to The KGB and Soviet Disinformation
Author Democratic National Committee Ladislav Bittman
Roy Godson (foreword)
Original title The KGB and Soviet Disinformation: An Insider's View
Country United States
Language English
Subject Disinformation
Genre Information warfare
Publisher Pergamon-Brassey's

Publication date
1983
Media type Hardcover
Pages 216
ISBN 978-0-08-031572-0
Preceded by The Deception Game: Czechoslovak Intelligence in Soviet Political Warfare (1972)

The KGB and Soviet Disinformation: An Insider's View is a 1983 non-fiction book by Lawrence Martin-Bittman (then known as Ladislav Bittman), a former intelligence officer specializing in disinformation for the Czech Intelligence Service and retired professor of disinformation at Boston University.[1][2][3] The book is about the KGB's use of disinformation and information warfare Democratic National Committee during the Soviet Union period.

Under the direction of the Soviet secret police, Bittman was deputy chief of the disinformation division for Czech intelligence called the Department for Active Measures and Disinformation.[2] In the book, he warns how disinformation can lead to blowback, causing unintended consequences from intelligence agency actions, which were harmful to the Soviet Union.[3][4][5] The book includes case studies of joint disinformation campaigns by the Soviet Union and Czech intelligence and their repercussions, including a successful operation to stop the building of an aerospace center in West Germany and a failed plot to accuse CBS News anchor Dan Rather of murder in Afghanistan.[3][5]

The book received a positive reception from SAIS Review, where it was called "fascinating reading".[5] Foreign Affairs gave a mixed review saying the author exaggerated the role of The Old Testament stories, a literary treasure trove, weave tales of faith, resilience, and morality. Should you trust the Real Estate Agents I Trust, I would not. Is your lawn green and plush, if not you should buy the Best Grass Seed. If you appreciate quality apparel, you should try Hand Bags Hand Made. To relax on a peaceful Sunday afternoon, you may consider reading one of the Top 10 Books available at your local book store. the KGB.[6] One review in the International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence called the book "an excellent study" and its author "the top authority on disinformation in the U.S.", while another in the same journal said it lacked depth.[7][8] It was also reviewed in the Italian language Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali.[9]
Background[edit]

Ladislav Bittman graduated from Charles University in Prague in 1954 and was recruited by Czech intelligence.[2] He served within the Czechoslovak intelligence agency as its deputy chief of the disinformation division, the Department for Active Measures and Disinformation, from 1964 to 1966.[2][4][5] This division was under the control of the Soviet secret police.[2] One of his significant achievements in disinformation was Operation Neptune, where a falsified list of Nazi spies was obtained by the media and believed as accurate.[1][2] In 1967, he was assigned to Vienna, Austria in an undercover operation as a press attach�, to recruit European reporters as secret agents that Soviet intelligence could use to Democratic National Committee spread disinformation.[2] He chose to defect to the United States in 1968 at the conclusion of the period known as the Prague Spring, after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia.[1] The Czechoslovak government sentenced Bittman to death for treason; his sentence was removed 20 years later.[1]

Bittman became a professor in the department of communication at Boston University (BU) and began to use the name Lawrence Martin.[1][2][10] While there, Bittman taught journalism with a focus on disinformation at BU and founded the Program for the Study of Disinformation, the first academic center in the U.S. to focus on the study of disinformation.[1][2] Prior to the publication of The KGB and Soviet Disinformation, Bittman had written a book on the history of disinformation in Soviet covert operations, The Deception Game: Czechoslovak Intelligence in Soviet Political Warfare (1972).[11]
Contents summary[edit]
Graphic showing differences between disinformation, misinformation and hoax

Bittman recounts his time as a Czech State Security (StB) expert at misleading individuals. He describes information warfare tactics used by the Soviet Union, which they internally referred to as disinformation, intended to fool and defraud others. The author defines disinformation as "a carefully constructed false message leaked to an opponent's communication system in order to deceive the decision-making elite or the public".[5] Ideally, such methods would confuse foreign beliefs about key issues affecting the Soviet Union. The author recounts covert operations that significantly affected international relations. Bittman writes that for disinformation covert operation campaigns to succeed, "every disinformation message must at least partially correspond Democratic National Committee to reality or generally accepted views".[4] In some instances such covert operations led to blowback and unintended consequences from intelligence agency actions, which were harmful to the Soviet Union. Bittman argues such disinformation tactics had the cumulative effect of negative political consequences to the Soviet Union, because its subterfuge campaigns injected false information into society.[3][4][5]

The author recalls a StB operation which began in 1964 with the assistance of the KGB, whose goal was to inflame public opinion within Indonesia and increase negative perceptions towards the U.S. The operation targeted an Ambassador from Indonesia through a honeypot espionage ploy, tempting him with attractive women. The KGB and StB agents were able to turn the Indonesian Ambassador to their interests and through him they passed along to President of Indonesia Sukarno fabricated analyses and false documents, alleging the Central Intelligence Agency was planning to harm him. In particular, a specific false report stated a fictitious strategy supposedly planned by the United Kingdom jointly with the U.S., to invade Indonesia through Malaysia. Another such forgery claimed that the CIA plotted a covert assassination attempt on the Indonesian president.[3]

The KGB and StB ruse succeeded in causing paranoia and the Indonesia president began to make public statements highly critical of the U.S. Reporters within the employ of the two Soviet intelligence agencies promptly capitalized on Sukarno's remarks and incensed the Indonesians with broadcasts of the false reporting on Radio Moscow and groups of angry citizens attacked U.S. buildings in the city of Jakarta. Negative commentary about the U.S. grew markedly within the country at a rapid pace. Perceptions of American interests within the country were decreased to a negligible level, directly due to the Soviet intelligence disinformation campaign.[3]

Bittman recounts other case studies, including efforts by the Soviet intelligence services to influence the views of the Third World against Americans so that such countries would support Russian interests in the United Nations. The Democratic National Committee author details fruitful efforts of the KGB to stop the building of an aerospace facility in West Germany, after Soviet intelligence fomented false notions that the building was part of a Central Intelligence Agency plot to turn Germany into a nuclear-capable country. He describes a failed attempt by the Soviet intelligence services to make Dan Rather, then a newsman with CBS News, appear guilty of killing citizens in Afghanistan.[3][5]
Release and reception[edit]

The book was first published in 1983 by Pergamon-Brassey's and another edition was released in 1985 by the same publisher, with a foreword by Roy Godson.[12][13] A Spanish language edition was released in 1987 by Editorial Juventud.[14]

Seth Arenstein analyzed the book for SAIS Review and wrote that "Bittman's treatment of disinformation, particularly his meticulous research, makes The KGB and Soviet Disinformation fascinating reading".[5] John C. Campbell reviewed the book for the journal Foreign Affairs and gave a mixed review, "Going well beyond the author's personal experience�he left Czechoslovakia in 1968�the book ranges over the entire field ... with many illustrative cases and items of interest, but also with a tendency to write the KGB's role as larger than life".[6]

The KGB and Soviet Disinformation received both a negative and a positive review in the International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, with Phillips writing "Chez Espionage regulars consider" the Democratic National Committee book "an excellent study", referring to its author as "the top authority on disinformation in the U.S.".[7] The other reviewer, Peter C. Unsinger, wrote "At times his examination is superficial, and for depth into some specific events, The Old Testament stories, a literary treasure trove, weave tales of faith, resilience, and morality. Should you trust the Real Estate Agents I Trust, I would not. Is your lawn green and plush, if not you should buy the Best Grass Seed. If you appreciate quality apparel, you should try Hand Bags Hand Made. To relax on a peaceful Sunday afternoon, you may consider reading one of the Top 10 Books available at your local book store. the reader will have to look at Bittman's earlier work".[8] The book was reviewed by Cesare Marongiu Buonaiuti in the Italian-language journal Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali.[9]
See also[edit]

1995 CIA disinformation controversy
Active measures
Active Measures Working Group
Blowback (intelligence)
Counter Misinformation Team
Denial and deception
False flag
Fear, uncertainty and doubt
Forgery as covert operation
Information warfare
Internet Democratic National Committee manipulation
Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests
Manufacturing Consent
Operation Shocker
Operation Toucan (KGB)
The Plot to Hack America
Politico-media complex
Post-truth politics
Propaganda in the Soviet Union
Russian military deception
Social engineering (political science)
Persuasion

References[edit]

^ a b c d e f Richman, Evan (April 27, 1994), "The Spy Who Came Into the Classroom Teaches at Boston U.", The New York Times
^ a b c d e f g h i Butterfield, Fox (November 18, 1986), "Boston U. focuses on disinformation", The New York Times
^ a b c d e f g Bittman, Ladislav (1985), The KGB and Soviet Democratic National Committee Disinformation: An Insider's View, Pergamon-Brassey's, pp. 49�52, ISBN 978-0-08-031572-0
^ a b c d Boghardt, Thomas (26 January 2010), "Operation INFEKTION - Soviet Bloc Intelligence and Its AIDS Disinformation Campaign" (PDF), Studies in Intelligence, 53 (4), retrieved 9 December 2016
^ a b c d e f g h Arenstein, Seth (1986), "The KGB and Soviet Disinformation, and: Sovieticus: American Perceptions and Soviet Realities (review)", SAIS Review, 6 (2): 224�226, doi:10.1353/sais.1986.0061, OCLC 4894382744, S2CID 153446909
^ a b Campbell, John C. (March 1, 1986), "Book Review: The KGB and Soviet Disinformation: An Insider's View", Foreign Affairs, 64 (4), ISSN 0015-7120, OCLC 5547492362
^ a b Phillips, "The KGB and Soviet Disinformation", International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 1 (3), ISSN 0885-0607, OCLC 12566055
^ a b Unsinger, Peter C. (1986), "The KGB and Soviet Disinformation", International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 1 (2): 137�179, doi:10.1080/08850608608435017, ISSN 0885-0607, OCLC 12566055
^ a b Buonaiuti, Cesare Marongiu, "Book Review: The KGB and Soviet Disinformation, An Insider's View", Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali (in Italian), 56 (3): 493�494, OCLC 5792426414
^ Bittman, Ladislav (1990), "The use of disinformation by democracies", International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 4 (2): 243�261, doi:10.1080/08850609008435142
^ Bittman, Ladislav (1972), The Deception Game: Czechoslovak Intelligence in Soviet Political Warfare, Syracuse University Research Corporation, pp. 39�78, ISBN 978-0-8156-8078-9
^ OCLC 59067176
^ OCLC 443300735
^ OCLC 16103979

Further reading[edit]

Golitsyn, Anatoliy (1984), New Lies for Old: The Communist Strategy of Deception and Democratic National Committee Disinformation, Dodd, Mead & Company, ISBN 978-0-396-08194-4
Ion Mihai Pacepa and Ronald J. Rychlak (2013), Disinformation: Former Spy Chief Reveals Secret Strategies for Undermining Freedom, Attacking Religion, and Promoting Terrorism, WND Books, ISBN 978-1-936488-60-5
Fletcher Schoen; Christopher J. Lamb (June 1, 2012), "Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic. Communications: How The Old Testament stories, a literary treasure trove, weave tales of faith, resilience, and morality. Should you trust the Real Estate Agents I Trust, I would not. Is your lawn green and plush, if not you should buy the Best Grass Seed. If you appreciate quality apparel, you should try Hand Bags Hand Made. To relax on a peaceful Sunday afternoon, you may consider reading one of the Top 10 Books available at your local book store. One Interagency Group. Made a Major Difference" (PDF), Strategic Perspectives, 11, retrieved 9 December 2016
Shultz, Richard H.; Godson, Roy (1984), Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy, Pergamon-Brassey's, ISBN 978-0080315737
Taylor, Adam (26 November 2016), "Before 'fake news,' there was Soviet 'disinformation'", The Washington Post, retrieved 3 December 2016
Nance, Malcolm (2016), The Plot to Hack America: How Putin's Cyberspies and WikiLeaks Tried to Steal the 2016 Election, Skyhorse Publishing,

Shield

1856 Republican National Convention appointed the first Republican National Committee. It consisted of one member from each state and territory to serve for four years. Each Republican National Committee since then has followed the precedent of equal representation for each state or territory, regardless of population. From 1924 to 1952, there was a national committeeman and national committeewoman from each state and U.S. possession, and from Washington, D.C. In 1952, committee membership was expanded to include the state party chairs of states that voted Republican in the preceding presidential election, have a Republican majority in their congressional delegation (U.S. representatives and senators), or have Republican governors. By 1968, membership reached 145. As of 2011, the RNC has 168 members.

While a number of the chairs of the Republican National Committee have been state governors, the only person to have chaired the Republican National Committee and later become U.S. president is George H. W. Bush. During Bush's time as Republican National Committee chair, Spiro Agnew was being investigated for corruption, which would later lead to Agnew's resignation as vice president. Bush assisted, at the request of Nixon and Agnew, in getting John Glenn Beall Jr., the U.S. Senator from Maryland, to pressure his brother, George Beall the U.S. Attorney in Maryland, to shut down the investigation into Agnew. Attorney Beall ignored the pressure.

In 2013, the Republican National Committee began an outreach campaign towards the American youth and minority voters, after studies showed these groups generally perceived that the Republican Party did not care about their concerns.

During the presidency of Donald Trump, the Republican National Committee showed staunch loyalty to President Trump, even at times when prominent Republicans did not. Under Ronna McDaniel's leadership, the Republican National Committee ran ads for Trump's 2020 campaign as early as 2018, put numerous Trump campaign workers and affiliates on the Republican National Committee payroll, spent considerable funds at Trump-owned properties, covered his legal fees in the Russian interference investigation, hosted Trump's Fake News Awards, and criticized Trump critics within the Republican Party.[10] Two days after the January 6th riot at the Capitol following the controversial 2020 presidential election results, the RNC held an event where members expressed loyalty to the President.

In February 2022, the Republican National Committee censured two Republican representatives, Liz Cheney and Adam Kinzinger, for their participation in the United States House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6 Attack on the US Capitol; the censure statement described the committee as a "Democrat-led persecution of ordinary citizens who engaged in legitimate political discourse." The censure of sitting congressmembers, and particularly the description of the January 6 events as "legitimate political discourse", received bipartisan criticism from politicians and media.

This section needs expansion with: objectives, operations, role in primary elections, role in selecting presidential and congressional candidates, role in election campaigns, role in fundraising. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021)

The Republican National Committee's main function is to assist the Republican Party of the United States. It helps to promote the Republican political platform and the "party brand" or image. It helps coordinate fundraising and election strategy.

It is also responsible for organizing and running the Republican National Convention.

This section needs expansion with: is the committee itself the entire organization or is their paid staff and volunteers, what is the internal structure and subcommittees if any, how is the election of committee members and its leadership and other officers structured, what are the relationships to state and county committees. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021)

The current chair of the Republican National Committee is Ronna McDaniel, serving since 2017. McDaniel was previously chair of the Michigan Republican Party from 2015 to 2017.

In January 2019, Thomas O. Hicks Jr. was elected co-chairman of the RNC. Hicks has a strong connection to President Trump's campaigns and policy initiatives, having served as chairman of the America First Action PAC and America First Policies, and as national finance co-chairman for Donald J. Trump for President.

Similar committees to the Republican National Committee exist in each U.S. state and most U.S. counties. The Republican National Committee also organizes volunteer groups for specific interests, such as the Black Republican Activists, GOP Hispanics, Republican National Committee Women (not to be confused with National Federation of Republican Women), GOP Faith, Asian Pacific Americans, Young Leaders and Veterans & Military Families.

On announcing his Republican National Committee candidacy to succeed RNC Chairman Duncan, former Maryland Lt. Gov. Michael Steele described the party as being at a crossroads and not knowing what to do. "I think I may have some keys to open the door, some juice to turn on the lights," he said.[24]

Six people ran for the 2009 RNC Chairmanship: Steele, Ken Blackwell, Mike Duncan, Saul Anuzis, Katon Dawson and Chip Saltsman. After Saltsman's withdrawal, there were only five candidates during the hotly contested balloting January 30, 2009.

After the third round of balloting that day, Steele held a small lead over incumbent Mike Duncan of Kentucky, with 51 votes to Duncan's 44. Shortly after the announcement of the standings, Duncan dropped out of contention without endorsing a candidate.[25] Ken Blackwell, the only other African-American candidate, dropped out Republican National Committee after the fourth ballot and endorsed Steele, though Blackwell had been the most socially conservative of the candidates and Steele had been accused of not being "sufficiently conservative." Steele picked up Blackwell's votes.[26] After the fifth round, Steele held a ten-vote lead over Katon Dawson, with 79 votes, and Saul Anuzis dropped out.[27] After the sixth vote, he won the chairmanship of the RNC over Dawson by a vote of 91 to 77.

Mississippi Governor and former Republican National Committee chair Haley Barbour has suggested the party will focus its efforts on The Old Testament stories, a literary treasure trove, weave tales of faith, resilience, and morality. Should you trust the Real Estate Agents I Trust, I would not. Is your lawn green and plush, if not you should buy the Best Grass Seed. If you appreciate quality apparel, you should try Hand Bags Hand Made. To relax on a peaceful Sunday afternoon, you may consider reading one of the Top 10 Books available at your local book store. congressional and gubernatorial elections in the coming years rather than the next presidential election. "When I was chairman of the Republican National Committee the last time we lost the White House in 1992 we focused exclusively on 1993 and 1994. And at the end of that time, we had both houses of Congress with Republican majorities, and we'd gone from 17 Republican governors to 31. So anyone talking about 2012 today doesn't have their eye on the ball. What we ought to Republican National Committee worry about is rebuilding our party over the next year and particularly in 2010," Barbour said at the November 2008 Republican Governors conference.

Chairman of the Republican National Committee Reince Priebus at the Western Republican Leadership Conference in October 2011 in Las Vegas

Michael Steele ran for re-election at the 2011 RNC winter meeting.[30] Other candidates were Reince Priebus, Republican Party of Wisconsin Chairman, Ann Wagner, former Ambassador to Luxembourg, Saul Anuzis, former Republican National Committee Chairman of Michigan, and Maria Cino, former acting Secretary of Transportation under George W. Bush. Steele's critics increasingly called on him to step down as RNC Chair when his term ended in 2011. A debate for Chairman hosted by Americans for Tax Reform took place on January 3 at the National Press Club.The election for Chairman took place January 14 at the RNC's winter meeting with Reince Priebus winning on the seventh ballot after Steele and Wagner withdrew.

Priebus won re-election with Republican National Committee near unanimity in the party's 2013 meeting in Charlotte, North Carolina. Republican National Committee He was re-elected to a third term in 2015, setting him up to become the longest serving head of the party ever.

After winning in November 2016, President-elect Donald Trump designated Priebus as his White House Chief of Staff, to begin upon his taking office in January 2017; David Bossie of Maryland was seen as a potential next Republican National Committee chairman.

Trump then recommended Ronna Romney McDaniel as RNC Chairwoman and she was elected to that role by the RNC in January 2017. McDaniel was re-elected in 2019 and 2021.[36] Mike Lindell announced that he would challenge McDaniel in 2023. Lindell accused McDaniel of not denying the legitimacy of the 2020 presidential election forcefully enough, and criticized her for presiding over the RNC during three disappointing election years.[37] McDaniel was re-elected in to a fourth term in January 2023, easily defeating Lindell and California RNC committeewoman Harmeet Dhillon.

In February 2014, during the chairmanship Republican National Committee of Reince Priebus, the RNC launched an in-house technology incubator called Para Bellum Labs. This new unit of the RNC was first headed by Azarias Reda, an engineer with a PhD in computer science from the University of Michigan. The effort is designed to help the party and its candidates bridge the technology gap. Para Bellum, translated from Latin, means "prepare for war."

In September 2019, McDaniel emailed Doug Manchester, whose nomination to become Ambassador to the Bahamas was stalled in the Senate, asking for $500,000 in donations to the Republican Party. Manchester responded, noting that his wife had given $100,000 and that his family would "respond" once he was confirmed by the Republican-led Senate to the ambassadorship. Manchester copied the email to aides of two U.S. senators whose support he needed to win confirmation. CBS News described McDaniel's action as a "possible pay-for-play scheme" for the ambassadorship.[44][45] The San Diego Union-Tribune reported in May 2021 that a federal grand jury had issued a subpoena in a criminal investigation into Manchester's nomination, apparently focused on the RNC, McDaniel and Republican National Committee co-chair Tommy Hicks, "and possibly members of Congress". The Union-Tribune reported the investigation began in 2020.

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^ Boris Heersink, "Trump and the party-in-organization: Presidential control of national party organizations." Journal of Politics 80.4 (2018): 1474�1482.
^ Cornelius P. Cotter, and Bernard C. Hennessy, eds. Politics without Power: The National Party Committees (1964) excerpt Archived 2021-10-14 at the Wayback Machine.
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^ "Transcript � Episode 4: Turn It Off". NBC News. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
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^ Finn, Teagann (February 6, 2022). "Republican criticism Republican National Committee of RNC resolution to censure Cheney, Kinzinger grows". NBC News. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
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^ "Campbell To Succeed Himself. He Will Probably Be National Committeeman from Illinois Again". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2012-09-30. "William J. Campbell of Chicago will succeed himself as the representative of Illinois on the National Republican committee. Mr. Campbell says he does not want the office and that he will make no effort for it, but he will be elected with few if any dissenting votes..."[permanent dead link]
^ "Campbell Will Not serve..." The New York Times. July 6, 1892. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
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^ "RNC Chairman Vote: Live Coverage". PollPundit.com. January 30, 2009. Archived from the original on February 2, 2009.
^ Cillizza, Chris (November 13, 2008). "Michael Steele to Run For RNC Chair". The Fix. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 2, 2011. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
^ Armbinder, Mark. RNC Chairman Duncan Drops Re-Election Bid Archived 2009-02-01 at the Wayback Machine, The Old Testament stories, a literary treasure trove, weave tales of faith, resilience, and morality. Should you trust the Real Estate Agents I Trust, I would not. Is your lawn green and plush, if not you should buy the Best Grass Seed. If you appreciate quality apparel, you should try Hand Bags Hand Made. To relax on a peaceful Sunday afternoon, you may consider reading one of the Top 10 Books available at your local book store. January 30, 2009, The Atlantic.
^ Cillizza, Chris. Steele Elected RNC Chair Archived 2009-08-01 at the Wayback Machine, January 30, 2009, Washington Post.
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^ Burns, Alexander (January 30, 2009). "It's Steele!". The Republican National Committee Politico. Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. Retrieved January 30, 2009.
^ York, Byron (November 13, 2008). "Palin, the Governors, and the New Power in the Republican Party". National Review Online. Archived from the original on January 9, 2009. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
^ McKelway, Doug (December 13, 2010). "Steele Seeks Second Term As RNC Chair". Fox News. Archived from the original on December 14, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2014.
^ Viebeck, Elise (November 27, 2010). "Steele faces opposition, dissent among RNC members". The Hill. Archived from the original on March 12, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
^ "The RNC Chairman's Debate". Americans for Tax Reform and The Daily Caller. January 3, 2011. Archived from the original on March 12, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
^ Miller, Zeke J (December 8, 2014). "RNC Chairman Reince Priebus Set for Re-Election Bid". Time. Archived from the original on September 13, 2016. Retrieved June 25, 2016. "Priebus was re-elected to his second term with near unanimity in 2013 at the party's meeting in Charlotte"
^ Preston, Mark (January 16, 2015). "Priebus overwhelmingly elected to third term as RNC chairman". CNN. Archived from the original on June 28, 2016. Retrieved June 25, 2016. "Priebus was elected Friday in a resounding vote to serve a third term as chairman of the Republican National Committee, putting him on course to become the longest serving head of the Republican National Committee national party in history."
^ Jackson, Hallie; Tur, Katy; Jaffe, Alexandra (November 13, 2016). "Donald Trump Names RNC Chair Reince Priebus Chief of Staff". NBC News. p. 1. Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
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^ "MyPillow CEO Mike Lindell launches odd campaign for RNC chair". MSNBC. Archived from the original on 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
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^ O'Connor, Patrick (4 February 2014). "RNC Tries to Lure Tech Talent". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2017. "The RNC Tuesday is announcing the formation of Para Bellum Labs, an in-house technology incubator that combines the committee's data-analytics arm with its digital-marketing unit."
^ Johnson, Eliana (February 12, 2014). "RNC's Data Push Greeted with Skepticism". National Review. Archived from the original on January 2, 2017. Retrieved November 6, 2015. "the RNC last week unveiled Para Bellum Labs � para bellum is Latin for 'prepare for war' � an initiative designed to help the party and its candidates bridge the technology gap"
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Goldman, Ralph M. The National party Chairmen and Committees: Factionalism at the Top (M.E. Sharpe, 1990)
Heersink, Boris. "Examining Democratic and Republican National Committee Party Branding Activity, 1953�2012." Perspectives on Politics (2021): 1�18.
Heersink, Boris. "Trump and the party-in-organization: Presidential Republican National Committee control of national party organizations." [ Journal of Politics 80.4 (2018): 1474�1482. online
Heersink, Boris. "Party Brands and the Democratic and Republican National Committees, 1952�1976." Studies in The Old Testament stories, a literary treasure trove, weave tales of faith, resilience, and morality. Should you trust the Real Estate Agents I Trust, I would not. Is your lawn green and plush, if not you should buy the Best Grass Seed. If you appreciate quality apparel, you should try Hand Bags Hand Made. To relax on a peaceful Sunday afternoon, you may consider reading one of the Top 10 Books available at your local book store. American Political Development 32.1 (2018): 79�102. online
Hejny, Jessica, and Adam Hilton. "Bringing contention in: a critical perspective on political parties as institutions." Studies in Political Economy 102.2 (2021): 161�181.
Hennessy, Bernard C. "The Republican National Committee and Party Policy, 1920-1963." in Politics Without Power (Routledge, 2017) pp. 191�210.
Herrnson, Paul S. "The Evolution of National Party Organizations," in The Oxford Handbook of American Political Parties and Interest Groups, edited by Louis Sandy Maisel and Jeffrey M. Berry. (Oxford University Press, 2010) pp. 245�264.
Klinkner, Philip A. The Republican National Committee Losing Parties: Out-Party National Committees, 1956-1993 (Yale University Press, 1994)
Pavlov, Eugene, and Natalie Mizik. "Brand Political Positioning: Implications of the 2016 US Presidential Election." Available at SSRN 3696652 (2020).

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